DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY

Environment	Ecology
The surrounding that affects in a specific way the functioning of the organism or influence their growth is called Environment	Ecology is the study of living organisms (plants, animals & microorganisms) with their specific environment.
Environment is the physical and biological factors along with their chemical interactions that affect an organism or a group of organisms.	The climatic, topographic, edaphic and biotic factors/ environment in which an organism live is ecology
The scientists those study environment is known as Environmentalist	The scientists those study environment is known as Ecologist

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SUMMARY OF DISEASES CAUSED BY BASIDIOMYCETES FUNGI

DISEASES CAUSED BY BASIDIOMYCETES FUNGI

DISEASES CAUSED BY BASIDIOMYCETES

S.No	NAME OF DISEASE	HOST	CAUSAL ORGANISM	NATURE OF DISEASE
1.	Loose Smut	Wheat	Ustilago tritici	Air borne
2	Covered smut	Barley	Ustilago hordei	Seed borne
3	Whip smut	Sugar-cane	Ustilago scitaminea	Air Borne and Seed borne
4	Loose Smut	Barley	Ustilago nuda	Air Borne and Seed borne
5	Loose Smut	Oat	Ustilago avenae	Air Borne
6	Covered Smut	Oat	Ustilago kolleri	Seed Borne
7	Maize Smut	Maize	Ustilago maydis	Air Borne and Seed borne
8	Grain Smut	Sorghum (Jawar)	Sphacelotheca sorghi	Seed borne (External)
9	Loose Smut	Sorghum (Jawar)	Sphacelotheca cruenta	Seed borne (External)
10	Head Smut	Sorghum & Corn	Sphacelotheca reiliana	Soil borne
11	Loose Smut	Sorghum	Tolyposporium ehrenbergii	Air borne
12	Smut	Pennisetum (bajra)	Tolyposporium penicillariae	Air borne
13	Bunt	Rice	Nevossia horrida	Air borne
14	Karnal Bunt	Wheat	Tilletia earies	Seed Borne
15	Leaf Smut	Rice	Entyloma oryzae	Air borne
16	Flag Smut	Wheat	Utrocystis tritici	Seed borne (External)
17	Smut	Millet	Ustilago crameri	Seed borne
18	Smut	Onion	Urocystis cepulae	Soil borne
19	White Smut	Spinach	Entyloma ellisii	Air borne
20	Smut	Rye	Urocystis occulia	Soil borne
21	Rust	Linseed	Malamspora lini	Air borne
22	Rust	Gram	Uromyces cicer- arietini	Air borne
23	Rust	Peas & lentil	Uromyces fabae	Air borne
24	Black or Stem Rust	Wheat & Barberry	Puccinia glumarum	Air borne
25	Leaf or Stripe rust	wheat	Puccinia glumarum	Air borne
26	Leaf or Orange rust	Wheat & Thallictrum	Puccinia triticiba (P.rubigo-vera)	Air borne
27	Witches brown	Fir & Spruce	Melampsorella elatina	Air borne
28	Rust	Bean	Uromyces appendiculatus	Air borne
29	Rust	Carnation	Uromyces coryophyllinus	Air borne
30	Crown Rust	Oats	Puccinia coronata	Air borne
31	Rust	Hollyhock	Puccinia malvacearum	Air borne
32	Rust	Corn	Puccinia sorghi	Air borne
33	Leaf Rust	Coffee	Hemilieia vastarix	Air borne
34	Blister rust	Pine & Currants	Cronortium ribicola	Air borne
35	Rust	Fig	Physopella fici	Air borne
36	Rust	Grapes	Phakospora vitis	Air borne
37	Rust	Rose	Phragmidium spp	Air borne
38	Leaf rust	Sugar-cane	Puccinia sacchari	Air borne
39	Mushroom root Rot	Fruit & Forest trees	Asmillaria mellea	Soil borne
40	Wood rot	Forest trees	Fomes igniarius	Soil borne
41	Stem rot	Fruit trees	Corticium vagum	Soil borne
42	Wood rots	Road side trees	Ganoderma spp	Soil borne

Easiest way of Soil Conversion

SOIL CONSERVATION

            Soil is the cover or top covering of the earth. The protection of soil against loss of it through various sources is known as soil conservation. It is generally concerned with keeping the soil on its place. The stabilization of soil on its pace is called soil conservation. There are various methods of keeping the soil conserved:

1. Soil fertility- Fertile soil should grow plants by which soil is protected from wind and water erosion
2. Crop rotation- It can keep and restore the mineral of soil.
3. Reforestation- It protects the soil from soil erosion.
4. Development of Grass lands- It can hold the soil together.
5. Control of Grazing- The excessive loss of grazing by cattle should be control to keep the soil conserved.
6. Contour Ploughing- The land should be ploughed at right angles to the slopes instead of ploughing up and down the slope. This practice is in hilly areas.
7. Countour Strip Cropping- Heavy rain cause gullying and sheet washing. So we should adopt strips to keep conserved the soil.
8. Terraced cultivation- The slope should be divided in small field called terraces.
9. Fallowing- The method of giving valuable mineral elements especially Nitrogen to the soil. It also keeps the soil conserved.
10. Dam building- It is important to build soil. It shows the level of soil erosion.
11. Gully Control- Gully control should be adopted because fast moving water cut the soil and cause gullying.
12. Control of Wind Erosion-Keeping the soil covered from wind and keeping the soil rough are the methods of conserving soil.

Difference between Relative and Absolute humidity

Difference between Relative and Absolute humidity

Absolute Humidity	Relative Humidity
The actual amount of water vapour in a particular area at a given time is known asAbsolue Humidity	The ratio of actual amount of water vapour in a particular area at a given time is known as Relative Humidity
It is abbreviated as AH	It is abbreviated as RH
Absolute Humidity= Mass of water vapour/ Volume of air	Relative humidity=Actual vapour pressure/Saturation pressure ×100