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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY
Environment
|
Ecology
|
The surrounding that affects in a specific way the functioning of the organism or influence their growth is called Environment
|
Ecology is the study of living organisms (plants, animals & microorganisms) with their specific environment.
|
Environment is the physical and biological factors along with their chemical interactions that affect an organism or a group of organisms.
|
The climatic, topographic, edaphic and biotic factors/ environment in which an organism live is ecology
|
The scientists those study environment is known as Environmentalist
|
The scientists those study environment is known as Ecologist
|
SUMMARY OF DISEASES CAUSED BY BASIDIOMYCETES FUNGI
DISEASES CAUSED BY BASIDIOMYCETES FUNGI
DISEASES CAUSED BY BASIDIOMYCETES
S.No
|
NAME OF DISEASE
|
HOST
|
CAUSAL ORGANISM
|
NATURE OF DISEASE
|
1.
|
Loose Smut
|
Wheat
|
Ustilago tritici
|
Air borne
|
2
|
Covered smut
|
Barley
|
Ustilago hordei
|
Seed borne
|
3
|
Whip smut
|
Sugar-cane
|
Ustilago scitaminea
|
Air Borne and Seed borne
|
4
|
Loose Smut
|
Barley
|
Ustilago nuda
|
Air Borne and Seed borne
|
5
|
Loose Smut
|
Oat
|
Ustilago avenae
|
Air Borne
|
6
|
Covered Smut
|
Oat
|
Ustilago kolleri
|
Seed Borne
|
7
|
Maize Smut
|
Maize
|
Ustilago maydis
|
Air Borne and Seed borne
|
8
|
Grain Smut
|
Sorghum (Jawar)
|
Sphacelotheca sorghi
|
Seed borne (External)
|
9
|
Loose Smut
|
Sorghum (Jawar)
|
Sphacelotheca cruenta
|
Seed borne (External)
|
10
|
Head Smut
|
Sorghum & Corn
|
Sphacelotheca reiliana
|
Soil borne
|
11
|
Loose Smut
|
Sorghum
|
Tolyposporium ehrenbergii
|
Air borne
|
12
|
Smut
|
Pennisetum (bajra)
|
Tolyposporium penicillariae
|
Air borne
|
13
|
Bunt
|
Rice
|
Nevossia horrida
|
Air borne
|
14
|
Karnal Bunt
|
Wheat
|
Tilletia earies
|
Seed Borne
|
15
|
Leaf Smut
|
Rice
|
Entyloma oryzae
|
Air borne
|
16
|
Flag Smut
|
Wheat
|
Utrocystis tritici
|
Seed borne (External)
|
17
|
Smut
|
Millet
|
Ustilago crameri
|
Seed borne
|
18
|
Smut
|
Onion
|
Urocystis cepulae
|
Soil borne
|
19
|
White Smut
|
Spinach
|
Entyloma ellisii
|
Air borne
|
20
|
Smut
|
Rye
|
Urocystis occulia
|
Soil borne
|
21
|
Rust
|
Linseed
|
Malamspora lini
|
Air borne
|
22
|
Rust
|
Gram
|
Uromyces cicer- arietini
|
Air borne
|
23
|
Rust
|
Peas & lentil
|
Uromyces fabae
|
Air borne
|
24
|
Black or Stem Rust
|
Wheat & Barberry
|
Puccinia glumarum
|
Air borne
|
25
|
Leaf or Stripe rust
|
wheat
|
Puccinia glumarum
|
Air borne
|
26
|
Leaf or Orange rust
|
Wheat & Thallictrum
|
Puccinia triticiba (P.rubigo-vera)
|
Air borne
|
27
|
Witches brown
|
Fir & Spruce
|
Melampsorella elatina
|
Air borne
|
28
|
Rust
|
Bean
|
Uromyces appendiculatus
|
Air borne
|
29
|
Rust
|
Carnation
|
Uromyces coryophyllinus
|
Air borne
|
30
|
Crown Rust
|
Oats
|
Puccinia coronata
|
Air borne
|
31
|
Rust
|
Hollyhock
|
Puccinia malvacearum
|
Air borne
|
32
|
Rust
|
Corn
|
Puccinia sorghi
|
Air borne
|
33
|
Leaf Rust
|
Coffee
|
Hemilieia vastarix
|
Air borne
|
34
|
Blister rust
|
Pine & Currants
|
Cronortium ribicola
|
Air borne
|
35
|
Rust
|
Fig
|
Physopella fici
|
Air borne
|
36
|
Rust
|
Grapes
|
Phakospora vitis
|
Air borne
|
37
|
Rust
|
Rose
|
Phragmidium spp
|
Air borne
|
38
|
Leaf rust
|
Sugar-cane
|
Puccinia sacchari
|
Air borne
|
39
|
Mushroom root Rot
|
Fruit & Forest trees
|
Asmillaria mellea
|
Soil borne
|
40
|
Wood rot
|
Forest trees
|
Fomes igniarius
|
Soil borne
|
41
|
Stem rot
|
Fruit trees
|
Corticium vagum
|
Soil borne
|
42
|
Wood rots
|
Road side trees
|
Ganoderma spp
|
Soil borne
|
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY
Wednesday, January 27, 2016
Tinea Ungium- Advances in Mycology and Pathology
Tinea Ungium
Synonyms
Dermatophyte onchomycosis or Onchomycosis
Introduction, History and Epidemiology
Tinea ungium is commonly known as onchomycosis. The fungus majorly infects fungi. Tinea ungium represents about 30% of all dermatophyte infections and accounts for 18-40% of nail disorders. The most common causative pathogens are T.rubrum, T.mentagrophytes, E.floccosum.
Toxicity
It caused infection of nail, thickened nails, discoloured and brittle nails. The destruction of tissues under nails may also occur.
Diagnosis
Tinea ungium is diagnosed relatively easily made on the basis of clinical symptoms and direct microscopic findings
Treatment
Tinea ungium can be treated as:
- Removal of skin scalp aspectically.
- Tissues (weaping) should be treated.
- Antifungal like:Chlorinmazole and Myconazole are used on the surface of the skin. Oral administration like Grineofulin, Itraconazole and Terbinafine are used
Its lack of faith that people afraid from challenges and i believe in myself.
Tinea Crusis - Advances in Mycology & Pathalogy
Tinea Crusis
Synonyms
Crotch itch, Crotch rot, Dhobi itch, Eczema marginatum, Gym itch, Jock itch, Jock rot, Scrot rot and Ringworm of the groin
Introduction
Tinea crusis also known as jock itch is a dermatophyte fungal infection. It is more often seen in males. It cause itching or burning sensation in the groin are. Affected areas may appear red, brown with flaking, rippling, peeling or cracking skinn. The type of fungus involved is usually involved is Tricophyton rubrum andE. floccosum.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of the Tinea crusis is confirmed by microscopy and culture of skin scrapings.
Treatment
Tinea crusis is best treated with topical antifungal medications of all allylamine or azole type. If unsuccessful oral antifungal medicines may be considered including terbinafine and itraconazole.
Prevention
Medical professional suggest keeping the groin area clean and dry after bathing. Other recommendations are:
- Not share clothes or towels with others.
- Showering immediately after athletic activities.
- Avoiding tight-fitting clothes ;and
- Use antifungal powders
Its lack of faith that people afraid from challenges and i believe in myself.
Tinea capitis - Advances in Mycolgy and Pathology
Tinea Capitis
Synonyms
Herpes tonsurans, Ringworm of the hair, Ringworm of the scalp, Scalp ringworm and the Tinea tonsurans.
Introduction
Tinea capitis is commonly known as scalp ring worm is area specific. It is most commonly due to the Tricophyton torsurans and Microsporum spp. Tinea capitis is usually found in United States. They have head hair like scales.
Diagnosis
The methods for the diagnosis of Tinea capitis are:
- KOH preparation
- Fungal Culture
Treatment
The treatment includes:
- First Line therapy.
- Antifungal.
Commonly imidazoles are used which include clotrimazole, ecomazole, micronazole and sulconazole.
In USA the character of the Tricophyton torsurance is florescence under the long UV light and short UV light (700nm- 260nm) are used for treatment.
Its lack of faith that people afraid from challenges and i believe in myself.
Tinea pedis- Advances in Mycology and Pathology
Ring worm of foot or Moccasin foot
Introduction, History and Epidemiology
Tinea pedis or athlete’s foot is a foot infection caused by fungus. It infects the foot especially in toes. Tinea pedis was first time reported by Whitfield in 1908.
Distribution
Tinea pedis is common in South-East Asia and in parts of Africa and Australia. The disease is more common in adults and is found around the world affecting both sexes i.e. males and females.
Pathogenesis
Tinea pedis is thought to be world’s most common dermatophytosis. The prevalence of the Tinea pedis increases with age. The presentation of the Tinea pedis increases with age. The presentation of the Tinea pedis is dependent on the host’s immune system snd the infecting dermatophyte. All the three generaE.floccosum, Triphyton spp and Microsporum spp are involved in this disease.This disease is also known as ring worm disease because of ring worm structure. Pathogen is active at the site of ringworm. It is common in body where hairs are not present.
Diagnosis
Tinea pedis affects all ages but more common in adults than in children. The diagnosis of Tinea pedis is confirmed by microscopy and culture of skin scrapings.
Treatments
Tenia pedis is usually treated with topical antifungal agents but if the treatment is unsuccessful oral antifungal medicines may be considered including terbinafine and triconazole.
Prevention
The prevention against Tenia pedis should be done. These preventions are:
- Keep your feet dry and clean.
- Wear shoes in public places.
Its lack of faith that people afraid from challenges and i believe in myself.
DIFFRENCE BETWEEN ENVIRONMENT & ECOLOGY
ENVIRONMENT V/S ECOLOGY
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY
Environment | Ecology |
The surrounding that affects in a specific way the functioning of the organism or influence their growth is called Environment
|
Ecology is the study of living organisms (plants, animals & microorganisms) with their specific environment.
|
Environment is the physical and biologicalfactors along with their chemical interactionsthat affect an organism or a group of organisms.
|
The climatic, topographic, edaphic and bioticfactors/ environment in which an organism live is ecology
|
The scientists those study environment is known as Environmentalist
|
The scientists those study environment is known as Ecologist
|
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